Gukanda buto yo gutangira ntumve ikintu na kimwe - cyangwa ukumva ijwi ry'umujinya gusa - ni igihe giteye ubwoba ku muyobozi wese w'uruganda.Nubwo compressor ikora ishobora gutanga umuburo w'ubushyuhe bwinshi uguha umwanya wo kugira icyo ukora, imashini yanze kuyifungura ituma umurongo wose w'umusaruro wawe utagaragara neza. Kompressor y'umwuka Kunanirwa gutangira biri mu byiciro bine bitandukanye: gufunga by’ikoranabuhanga, gufunga by’amashanyarazi, gufunga by’umutekano, cyangwa gufatana bikomeye kwa mashini.Twanditse impamvu 10 zikunze kugaragara, uhereye ku makosa yoroheje y’abantu kugeza ku gutsindwa gukomeye kw’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga.
Kugenzura
Ipfa ry'ishusho
Umutekano
Interlock irakora
Amashanyarazi
Gukanda cyangwa Hums
Ubukanishi
Ifite Ingufu Ifunze
01 — IKIGERERANYO Gusobanukirwa Ibyiciro by'Inanirwa
Mbere yo gufata multimeter cyangwa urufunguzo, reba ibimenyetso by'imashini. Imiterere y'ikibaho cy'imashini n'amajwi compressor ikora bizahita bikuyobora mu nzira ikwiye yo gusuzuma.
| Ibimenyetso by'umubiri | Icyiciro cy'ikosa | Aho wabanza kureba |
| Ecran ni umukara; utubuto ntacyo dukora | Ingufu zo kugenzura zitakaza | Igikoresho gikuru cyo gukata amashanyarazi, ibyuma bigenzura imbere, transformateur. |
| Ecran IRAFUNGUYE, ariko gukanda "start" ntacyo bikora | Umutekano / Interlock y'ibitekerezo | Buto ya E-Stop, switch y'umuvuduko, kode z'ikosa zitarasobanuka neza. |
| Umva urusaku cyangwa induru, hanyuma ukumva urusaku rw'amajwi | Umuvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi / Umutwaro urenze urugero | Ibikoresho byo kontaki, ingufu zinjiye, valve yo gupakurura. |
| Ako kanya ahita akubita icyuma gikuru cy'amashanyarazi; impumuro y'uko yahiye | Ingufu z'amashanyarazi / za mekanike zikomeye | Ingufu za moteri zifunze neza, impera y'umwuka yafashwe burundu. |
02 — IMPAMVU Z'IMIZI Impamvu 10 zose zituma idatangira
Kora ibi bintu 10 uhereye hejuru. Ntugacemo agace k'ingufu mbere yo gusuzuma buto yo guhagarika byihutirwa.
01
Umutekano / Imitekerereze Akabuto ko guhagarika byihutirwa kari gukoreshwa
Bisa nkaho byoroshye cyane ku buryo byaba ari ukuri, ariko E-Stop ifite ubushake ni yo mpamvu ya mbere ituma Kompressor ANtiyakira neza. E-stop igabanya cyane umurongo ugenzura. Ishobora gusunikwa n'umukozi unyuraho, igakubitwa n'imodoka itwara imizigo ku buryo butunguranye, cyangwa igaterwa no guhindagura kw'imashini cyane.
✕ Impamvu nyamukuru: Guterwa inkunga n'abantu cyangwa ikibazo cyo gufunga inyuma y'akabuto ka E-stop.
✓ Kosora: Kanda hanyuma ukande buto itukura ya Emergency Stop kugira ngo urebe ko ifunguka. Iyo ecran ikangutse cyangwa ikibazo kigakemuka, wabonye ikibazo.
02
Ingufu zo Kugenzura Fuse cyangwa Transformer ikoresha uburyo bwa Blown Control
Iyo ecran ya PLC yirabura rwose, ubwonko bwa compressor nta ngufu buba bufite. Compressor zo mu nganda zigabanya voltage nyinshi (380V/480V) zikajya kuri voltage yizewe (24V cyangwa 110V) zikoresheje transformer. Iyo habayeho kwiyongera k'ingufu, fize nto z'ibirahure zirinda iyi transformer zizaguruka kugira ngo zirokore PLC.
✕ Impamvu nyamukuru: Kuzamuka k'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi uturutse ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi, cyangwa valve ya solenoid ifunze ikurura umuvuduko mwinshi cyane ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi.
✓ Gukosora: Fungura akabati k'amashanyarazi. Reba ibyuma bito biri hafi ya transformateur ukoresheje multimeter kugira ngo urebe ko bikomeza. Simbuza iyo byahumetse.
03
Umutekano / Imitekerereze Sisitemu Imaze Kugera ku Muvuduko Utagira Agaciro
Compressor ntabwo izatangira niba ibona ko idakenewe. Iyo ikigega cy’umwuka gishyushye cyane, switch cyangwa transducer ibwira PLC iti "Ntugatangire." Iyo ukanze tangira nta kintu kibaho (ariko ecran iri gukora), sensor ishobora kuba yafashwe nabi, yafatiwe, cyangwa nta mwuka ukenewe kugeza ubu.
✕ Impamvu nyamukuru: Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora, cyangwa transducer y'umuvuduko yananiwe/yazibye yohereza ikimenyetso cy'ikinyoma cya "High Pressure".
✓ Kosora: Reba igipimo cy'umuvuduko kuri ecran. Niba isoma 8 bar ariko tank yawe ikaba irimo ubusa, sensor iba yangiritse. Kuramo amazi mu kigega cy'umwuka n'intoki kugira ngo urebe niba compressor ikora.
04
Umutekano / Amashanyarazi Ikosa ry'icyiciro (Ritabonetse cyangwa ryasubitswe)
Moteri z'ibice bitatu zigomba kuba zifite insinga zikora neza. Iyo L1, L2, na L3 zidakora neza, compressor ya vis izahita ikora inyuma - igahita isenya impera y'umwuka bitewe n'ibura ry'amavuta. Kugira ngo ibi bitagenda neza, Phase Protection Relay ihora igenzura ingufu zinjira. Iyo ikigo gitanga umuriro gihagaritse phase, cyangwa umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi yongeye gukoresha inyubako, relay izafunga starter.
✕ Impamvu nyamukuru: Kudahuza kw'amashanyarazi yo hanze cyangwa ikosa ry'umuntu mu gihe cy'ishyirwaho ry'amashanyarazi riherutse.
✓ Gukosora: Shaka itara ritukura ku gipimo cyo kugarura umuriro kiri mu kabati. Pima ingufu zinjiye kugira ngo wemeze ko ibyiciro byose bitatu bihari. Niba bisubiwemo, hinduranya neza inzitiramibu ebyiri z'amashanyarazi zinjiye.
05
Umuvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi / Ingufu z'amashanyarazi Moteri Nkuru Yaguye Irenze Ubwinshi
Iyo compressor yazimye mbere kubera ko yakuruye umuriro mwinshi, relay y'ubushyuhe bwinshi (iherereye munsi ya contactor nkuru) izaba yaguye. Iyi ni switch igaragara. Kugeza igihe izasubirwamo n'intoki, circuit igenzura ntizemerera imashini kugerageza kongera kuyisubiza.
✕ Impamvu nyamukuru: Ikibazo cyabayeho mbere cy’ingufu nyinshi cyatewe n’amashanyarazi make, umuvuduko mwinshi, cyangwa icyuma gitandukanya umuriro cyazibye.
✓ Gukosora: Fungura akabati hanyuma ukande buto y'ubururu cyangwa umutuku "Reset" kuri relay yo gusimbuza ibintu byinshi. Umuburo: Iyo yongeye kugwa ako kanya ukimara gutangira, ntukongere kuyisubiza inyuma. Shaka aho umwuka uturuka.
06
Umuvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi / Ingufu z'amashanyarazi Kontakteri ya AC yananiwe
Iyo ukanze "start", PLC yohereza ikimenyetso kuri "AC contactor coil" kugira ngo ikuremo "contacts" zikomeye. Iyo wumvise "click" ariko moteri ntizunguruke, aho contacts ziri muri "contact" zishobora kuba zirimo imyobo, zaratwitswe, cyangwa zishongeshejwe hamwe.
✕ Impamvu nyamukuru: Kwangirika no gucika bisanzwe. Ibikoresho bihuza ibyuma bigenda buhoro buhoro igihe cyose bitangiye gukora. Mu gihe cy'ingendo za miliyoni nyinshi, icyuma kirangirika.
✓ Gukosora: Umaze gufunga burundu amashanyarazi, genzura contactors. Niba zarahindutse umukara cyangwa zinuka nabi, simbura contactor assembling.
07
Igenzura / Ubukanishi Gutangira munsi y'umutwaro (Valve y'ingufu irapfutse)
Compressors zigomba gutangirira ku mvange y’injira ifunze (idafunguwe) kugira ngo moteri ibashe kuzunguruka neza kugira ngo igere kuri RPM yayo ikora. Iyo mvange y’injira ifunguye, moteri igerageza gukanda umwuka uturutse ahantu hadahagaze neza. Moteri izavuza cyane, ikurure amperage nini ya rotor ifunze, hanyuma igatembagara umuyoboro mu masegonda 3 kugeza kuri 5.
✕ Impamvu nyamukuru: Impyisi y'ingufu zo kwinjiramo yacitse, impyiko ya solenoid yabuze, cyangwa ingese z'imbere zigatuma piston yo kwinjiramo ifatana.
✓ Kosora: Kuraho akayunguruzo k'injira urebe plaque ya valve. Igomba kuba ifunze neza iyo imashini izimye. Niba ifunguye, ongera wongere ushyireho cyangwa usimbuze agace k'injira.
08
Umutekano / Imitekerereze Gufunga ahantu hashyushye cyane
Iyo compressor ifunze isaha imwe ishize bitewe n’ikosa ry’ubushyuhe bwinshi (rirenze 105°C), PLC izafunga imashini. Nubwo imashini yaba ikonje kugeza ku bushyuhe bw’icyumba, izanga gutangira kugeza igihe kode y’ikosa yemejwe n’umukoresha kandi ikavugururwa n’intoki.
✕ Impamvu nyamukuru: Ikibazo cyo gushyuha cyane cyabayeho mbere kitari cyakuwe mu bubiko bwa mudasobwa.
✓ Kosora: Reba ecran ya PLC niba hari amakosa ari gukora. Jya ku mateka y'impamyabumenyi, kanda kuri buto ya "Reset" cyangwa "Clear" kugira ngo wemere ikosa, hanyuma ugerageze kongera gutangiza.
09
Umuvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi / Ingufu z'amashanyarazi Ingufu za moteri zahiye
Iyo ukanze "start" hanyuma "main facility breaker" igahita ihita ivuza ijwi rikomeye, ushobora kugira ikibazo gikomeye. Niba "insulation" iri ku migozi y'umuringa iri muri moteri y'amashanyarazi yashonze, amashanyarazi ahita ahagarara ku gasanduku ka moteri.
✕ Impamvu nyamukuru: Gushyuha cyane igihe kirekire, kurenza urugero mu buryo buhoraho, ihindagurika rikomeye ry’amashanyarazi, cyangwa imiyoboro ihendutse ya aluminiyumu ifunze (CCA) ishonga bitewe n’imbaraga.
✓ Gukosora: Kuramo ibyuma bya moteri. Koresha megohmmeter (megger) kugira ngo ugerageze uburyo insulation idakora hagati y’imigozi n’ubutaka. Iyo ibaye hafi ya zeru, moteri iba yapfuye kandi isaba gusubira inyuma burundu cyangwa gusimburwa.
10
⚠ Gutsindwa gukabije — Akenshi bikunze kwirengagizwa nabi Gufatwa n'ibikoresho byo mu kirere
Iyo moteri ari nziza, contactors zirakora, kandi voltage iba nziza cyane, ariko moteri iravuza amasegonda 3 gusa igakubita breaker cyane — ufite rotor ifunze. Ariko ikibazo si moteri; ni icyo moteri ifatanyeho.
Imbere mu gice cy'umwuka cyo kuzunguruka, rotor z'ingabo n'iz'abagore zizunguruka zifite icyuho cya santimetero ibihumbi. Iyo ibyuma binaniwe, rotor zigongana cyangwa zigaterana mu cyumba cy'icyuma. Ingufu z'icyuma zihuza ibice. Moteri igerageza guhindura icyuma gikomeye.
✕ Impamvu nyamukuru: Kwirengagiza igihe cyo guhindura amavuta bigatera ubwinshi bwa varnish, gukoresha imashini inyuma, cyangwa gusunika bearing zirenga amasaha 50.000 nta kuvugurura.
✓ Gukosora: Iyo amashanyarazi afunze, gerageza guhindukiza impera y'umwuka n'intoki ukoresheje uburyo bwo kuyihuza cyangwa imikandara. Niba udashobora kuyikoresha urufunguzo, impera y'umwuka irafatwa. Ntugerageze kuyitangira ku ngufu. Impera y'umwuka igomba gukurwaho kugira ngo uruganda rusubire kubaka.
03 — KWIRINDA Ingamba zo Kwirinda Igihe Kirekire
Ibintu "bitazatangira" bitera guhagarika akazi ako kanya mu ruganda. Ibirenze 80% by'ibi bishobora kwirindwa binyuze mu kubungabunga ibidukikije mu gihe cyagenwe no kugenzura neza ibidukikije.
| Aho gutsindwa | Ingamba zo gukumira | Inshuro |
| Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi | Genzura niba hari ibisebe byo mu kabati cyangwa mu gashya; reba amashusho y'ubushyuhe bw'akabati | Buri mezi 6 |
| Furuzi zo kugenzura n'insinga | Ongera ushyireho torque terminal blocks; menya neza ko akabati kadafite ivumbi | Buri mwaka |
| Iteraniro ry'ingufu zinjira | Suzuma silinda kugira ngo irebe ko nta ngese; simbura amasoko n'impeta za O | Buri masaha 8.000 |
| Amaberebere yo mu mpera z'umwuka | Isesengura ry'ihindagurika ry'ibinure; gukurikiza cyane igihe cyo guhindura amavuta | Guhindura imikorere ku masaha 40.000 |
| Sisitemu Rusange | Komeza imashini isukuye, ikonje, kandi yuzuze amavuta ya sintetike ya OEM spec |
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Kuki compressor yanjye y'umwuka iba yapfuye burundu iyo nkanda start?
Niba ecran yapfuye burundu, ikibazo ni ugutakaza imbaraga zo kugenzura. Reba aho icyuma gifungurira ibikoresho binini, ibyuma byinjira biri muri kompreseri, cyangwa transformer igenzura imanuka. Niba ecran ifunguye ariko gukanda start ntacyo bikora, reba niba buto ya Emergency Stop yashyizwemo cyangwa niba hari kode y'ikosa ikora kuri ecran.
Kuki moteri yanjye ya compressor ivugiriza gusa ntitangire?
Moteri ivugiriza yanze kuzunguruka akenshi igaragaza ko ibuze phase (igice kimwe) cyangwa igerageza gutangira ihanganye n'ubudahangarwa bukomeye bwa mekanike. Ubu budahangarwa bushobora kuba umuvuduko w'umwuka w'imbere kuko valve yo gupakurura yananiwe, cyangwa gukururana gukomeye kw'umwuka wafashwe. Zimya umuriro ako kanya kugira ngo wirinde ko moteri yazima.
Ese umuvuduko mubi ushobora guhagarika kompreseri kudakora?
Yego. PLC cyangwa switch y'umuvuduko ya compressor ikurikirana umuvuduko w'umurongo. Iyo sensor ifashe, yangiritse, cyangwa yahinduwe nabi, izamenyesha umugenzuzi ko sisitemu imaze ku muvuduko ntarengwa. Kubera ko imashini ibona ko idakeneye gukora umwuka, izirengagiza itegeko ryawe ryo gutangira.
'Gutangira munsi y'umutwaro' bisobanura iki?
Compressor zo mu nganda zigomba gutangira 'zifunguwe' (valve yo kwinjira ifunze) kugira ngo moteri ibashe kongera umuvuduko. Iyo valve yo kwinjira ifunguye, cyangwa valve y'umuvuduko ntarengwa ikavamo umuvuduko w'imbere, moteri igerageza gusunika umwuka ukomeye ufunze kuri 0 RPM. Umuvuduko ukenewe wo gutangira urenze ubushobozi bwa moteri, bigatuma igwa ako kanya.
Kuki Emergency Stop (E-Stop) yabuza gutangira ntayikandagiye?
Utubuto twa E-Stop dushobora gukubitwa ku buryo butunguranye n'abakozi banyuraho, forklifts, cyangwa vibration. Byongeye kandi, agace ko gufata kari inyuma y'utubuto gashobora kwangirika cyangwa gucika intege uko igihe kigenda. Umuyoboro wa E-Stop ufunguye ugabanya imbaraga zo kugenzura ku miyoboro yo gutangiza, bigatuma imashini idakora neza.
Nareba nte niba ikirere cyanjye cyafashwe?
Ubwa mbere, shyiramo burundu hanyuma ufunge ingufu z'ingenzi. Kuraho amapine yo kwinjira kugira ngo ugere ku gice cyo guhuza moteri cyangwa imikandara ihuza moteri n'impera y'umwuka. Gerageza kuzunguruka igice cyo guhuza n'intoki. Gikwiye kuzunguruka neza kandi gihamye. Niba gifunze neza, amapine y'umwuka yafashe kandi icyo gice gikeneye kuvugururwa cyane.
Ikosa ryo mu cyiciro cy'ibyiciro ni iki?
Ibikoresho by’inganda bifite ibyiciro bitatu bisaba ko ibyiciro by’amashanyarazi (L1, L2, L3) bijya mu buryo bwihariye buzenguruka. Iyo ikigo cy’amashanyarazi gikoze akazi ko kuzunguruka, cyangwa umuhanga mu by’amashanyarazi agashyira insinga ku mashini inyuma, compressor izashaka gukora inyuma. Phase Protection Relay ihita ibimenya hanyuma igafunga starter kugira ngo wirinde ko impera y’umwuka yangirika bitewe no kubura amavuta.
Ese amavuta make azabuza kompreseri yanjye gutangira?
Biterwa n'uburyo bwo gushyiramo ingufu mu mutekano bw'uruganda. Compressor zigezweho zifite PLC zigezweho zifite sensors zo ku rwego rwo hasi rw'amavuta. Iyo amavuta ari make cyane, PLC izatangira gufunga umutekano no kwerekana kode y'uburinzi, ikabuza imashini gutangira kugeza igihe amavuta ashyizwemo hanyuma ikibazo kigasubizwa.
Inzobere mu gusuzuma indwara zirahari Ndacyashobora Kubibona
Gutangira?
Ntukishyire mu kaga ko kwangiza moteri yawe uyihatira gukora. Hamagara itsinda ry'abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi rya ZIQI kugira ngo bagufashe gukemura ibibazo.
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