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Uruganda rwa screw air compressor rwo mu Bushinwa: Uburyo bwo kugenzura mbere yo kugura

2025-02-24
Igisubizo cyihuse — Uburyo bwo kwemeza Umushinwa Kompressor ya screw Uruganda

Saba inyandiko enye mbere yo kugura ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose: (1) Izina ry'uruganda rwa Airend na nimero ya serial — bigomba kuba GHH-RAND cyangwa Rotorcomp bifite serial ishobora gukurikizwa, ntabwo ari "ikoranabuhanga ry'Abadage"; (2) icyemezo cy'ibikoresho byo kuzunguruka bya moteri gitangwa na WEG cyangwa Wolong cyemeza umuringa usanzwe, atari aluminiyumu ipfutse umuringa; (3) ibikoresho by'imiyoboro y'imbere byemeza icyuma kitagira umwanda 304; (4) Ikirango cy’umugenzuzi cyemeza Schneider Electric cyangwa Siemens bifite serivisi zifunguye ku buntu. Uruganda rudashobora gutanga ibyo byose uko ari bine ntabwo ari urwego rwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga — hatitawe ku cyemezo cya ISO, ibyavuzwe mu kataloge, cyangwa igiciro.

Hari vis zirenga 2,000 Kompressor y'umwuka Inganda zo mu Bushinwa. Inyinshi mu mpapuro zabo zigaragaza imiterere zisa. Umuvuduko umwe, CFM imwe, urusaku rumwe, impamyabushobozi zimwe. Itandukaniro rigena niba imashini yawe ikora neza mu myaka 15 cyangwa itangiye kwangirika mu mwaka wa 3 ntirigaragara ku mpapuro zigaragaza imiterere - ni mu bice bine by'imbere aho amatsinda menshi yo gutanga amasoko atigera abaza.Iyi mfashanyigisho iguha ibibazo nyabyo ugomba kubaza, inyandiko ugomba gusaba, n'imiterere y'indimi itandukanya uruganda nyarwo rwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga n'imashini yo mu cyiciro cya kabiri ifite uburyo bwo kwamamaza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.

Impamvu ibice by'imbere bitagaragara ku mpapuro zihariye

Inganda zikora compressor zo mu Bushinwa zirushanwa cyane cyane ku bipimo by’imashini - umuvuduko, ubwiyongere bw’amazi n’ingufu. Iyi mibare ishobora kuzuzwa n’ibice by’ubwiza bitandukanye cyane. Ibice bine biri hepfo ntibigaragara ku mpapuro zisanzwe za CAGI cyangwa raporo z’ibizamini bya ISO, nyamara bigaragaza itandukaniro ryinshi mu giciro kiri hagati y’imashini imara imyaka 10 n’imashini ikeneye gusanwa cyane mu mwaka wa 4.

Igice Ingano yo kohereza mu mahanga Icyiciro cyo mu rugo Ingaruka ku giciro cy'imyaka 10
Airend GHH-RAND / Rotorcomp yo mu Budage — yitwa izina, ishobora gukurikiranwa mu buryo bw'uruhererekane Kopi y'imbere mu gihugu — "Ikoranabuhanga ry'Abadage" +Amashanyarazi 15,000$ (75 kW)
Gufunga moteri Icyemezo cy'ibikoresho bya IE4/IE5 by'umuringa w'umwimerere cyatanzwe IE3 cyangwa CCA — nta cyemezo cy'ibikoresho Gushyuha cyane bidakira + gucika intege hakiri kare
Imiyoboro y'imbere Icyuma 304 kitagira umwanda hose Icyuma cya karuboni cyangwa galvanize Kwanduza ingese → kwangirika kw'urumuri
Umugenzuzi Schneider Electric / Siemens — serivisi zifunguye Proprietary PLC — Serivisi ikoreshwa na OEM gusa Ikiguzi cy'ubuzima bwose cya serivisi

Inyandiko 4 zo gusaba mbere yo gutanga commande iyo ari yo yose

Izi nyandiko enye zihari kuri buri mashini yoherezwa mu mahanga. Uruganda rudatinda kuzitanga, rutanga impapuro z'udutabo aho gutanga ibyangombwa, cyangwa rukagira icyo ruvugaho iyo rubajije, ruguha igisubizo ukeneye.

01
Inyandiko yo gusaba
Izina ry'Uruganda rwa Airend + Nimero y'uruhererekane

Baza mu buryo butaziguye: "Ni nde wakoze airend yawe? Ushobora gutanga izina ry'uruganda, icyitegererezo cy'icyitegererezo, na nimero y'uruhererekane rw'icyuma ndimo kugura?"

GHH-RAND cyangwa Rotorcomp airend nyayo ifite icyapa cy'icyuma ku mubiri w'ikintu gikamyo gifite inomero y'uruhererekane ishobora gukurikizwa. Ushobora kubigereranya n'umuyoboro wemewe wa GHH-RAND cyangwa umuyoboro wemewe wa Rotorcomp kugira ngo wemeze ko ari ukuri.

🚩 Ibendera ritukura: "Ikoranabuhanga ry'Abadage airend," "Ikoranabuhanga ry'Uburayi airend," cyangwa "Ikoranabuhanga ryinjijwe mu mahanga" utiriwe uvuga uwabikoze. Uru ni ururimi rwo kwamamaza ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'Abashinwa cyo mu gihugu gikoresha imiterere ya rotor ikomoka mu Kidage. Itandukaniro ry'imikorere ugereranyije n'ikoranabuhanga nyaryo rya GHH-RAND rirapimwa: ubusanzwe imikorere y'imashini igabanutseho 3–8% mu gihe cyose imashini ikora.
02
Inyandiko yo gusaba
Icyemezo cy'ibikoresho byo kuzunguruka bya moteri

Baza mu buryo butaziguye: "Ese ushobora gutanga icyemezo cy'ibikoresho byo kuzunguruka by'uruganda rwa moteri cyemeza ko ibyuma by'umuringa byuzuye kuri iki gikoresho?"

Iyi ni inyandiko y’umuntu wa gatatu yatanzwe n’uruganda rukora moteri (WEG, Wolong, cyangwa indi ihwanye nayo) igaragaza ibikoresho by’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi hakurikijwe imiterere ya shimi. Si agatabo, si urupapuro rugaragaza ibipimo, kandi si icyemezo cy’itsinda rishinzwe kugurisha. Insinga za aluminiyumu zikozwe mu muringa (CCA) zisa neza n’umuringa w’umwimerere ariko zifite hafi 60% by’ubushobozi bw’umuringa - zitanga ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 15–25°C ku mutwaro umwe, zigashyira ubwo bushyuhe burenze mu buryo butaziguye mu muyoboro w’amavuta.

🚩 Ibendera ritukura: "Moteri y'umuringa yuzuye irahamya," "ibipimo ngenderwaho byo kuzunguruka kw'umuringa," cyangwa icyemezo icyo ari cyo cyose cyo mu magambo cyangwa mu kataloge. Icyemezo cy'ibikoresho by'uruganda gusa ni cyo gihamya ifatika. Niba uruganda rudashobora kubikora, tekereza ku myitwarire ya CCA yo kuzunguruka - ubushyuhe bukabije bwo mu mpeshyi ni cyo kimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyayo mu bihe bishyushye.
03
Inyandiko yo gusaba
Ibisobanuro by'ibikoresho byo gupima imbere mu miyoboro

Baza mu buryo butaziguye: "Umuyoboro w'imbere w'amavuta ni uwuhe - icyuma cya 304 kitarabagirana, icyuma cya karuboni, cyangwa galvanized? Ushobora kubyemeza mu nyandiko ukerekana ifoto y'aho imbere hahurira?"

Imiyoboro y'imbere y'amavuta ikora iyo ihuye n'amavuta ashyushye kandi ikagira ubushyuhe. Ibyuma bya karuboni byangiritse muri ubu buryo mu gihe cy'imyaka 2-3 mu gihe cy'imikorere isanzwe. Uduce tw'ingese n'ibitaka byanduza amavuta, bigafunga igice gitandukanya amavuta, kandi bigashyira utwuma duto mu gice cy'inyuma cy'amazi. Ubu si uburyo bwo gucika intege mu buryo bw'ibitekerezo - ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma umwuka ucika intege imburagihe mu mashini zikora imiyoboro ya karuboni zikora ahantu hashyushye.

Ibyuma 304 bitagira umugese birwanya iyi ngeso igihe cyose. Ni icyemezo gihoraho cy’imiterere - imiyoboro ya karuboni ntishobora gusimburwa hatabayeho kongera gusanwa imbere nyuma yo kuyitanga.

🚩 Ibendera ritukura: Nta bisobanuro byanditse ku miyoboro, cyangwa urupapuro rugaragaza imiyoboro yo hanze gusa. Baza by'umwihariko ibijyanye n'uruziga rw'amavuta y'imbere - imiyoboro iri imbere mu gitereko cy'imashini ihuza igice gitandukanya amavuta n'icyuma gikonjesha n'aho umwuka ushyirwa.
04
Inyandiko yo gusaba
Ikirango cy'Umuyobozi + Icyemezo cya serivisi y'undi muntu

Baza mu buryo butaziguye: "Ni iki kimenyetso cy'ubuyobozi bwa PLC? Ese umutekinisiye w'uruhande rwa gatatu mu gihugu cyanjye ashobora gusubizaho ibihe bya serivisi, akabona amateka y'amakosa, akanahindura ibipimo by'imikorere nta porogaramu cyangwa uburenganzira bwa OEM?"

Umugenzuzi w’inyubako ufunguye wa Schneider Electric cyangwa Siemens bivuze ko umutekinisiye wese w’inganda wahuguwe ku isi ashobora gukorera imashini akoresheje ibice bisanzwe biboneka mu gace utuyemo. Umugenzuzi w’inyubako ukorera mu rugo afunga serivisi zose zishingiye kuri porogaramu ku muyoboro w’abacuruza imashini — kandi uruganda rugenzura ibiciro byose, igihe cyo kuboneka, n’igihe cyo gusubiza imashini mu gihe cyose cyo kubaho kwayo.

Mu masoko afite umuyoboro w’abacuruzi bazwi, abagenzuzi b’isosiyete barashobora kugenzurwa. Mu masoko aho uruganda rudakorera mu gace runaka, umugenzuzi w’isosiyete arashobora guhindura igihe cyo gusimbuza serivisi mu gihe cy’ibyumweru bibiri kugira ngo ahabwe uburenganzira bwo kure.

🚩 Icyitonderwa: "Umugenzuzi wacu ashobora gutegurwa neza," "dutanga ubufasha bwuzuye bwa tekiniki," cyangwa igisubizo icyo ari cyo cyose kitavuze ikirango cy'umugenzuzi kandi cyemeza ko abantu bafunguye. Schneider Electric na Siemens bafite inyandiko za tekiniki ku isi yose ziboneka ku mugaragaro. Abagenzuzi b'umutungo ntibabikora.

Imiterere y'Ururimi rw'Ibendera Ritukura: Icyo Abakora Bavuga Ugereranije n'icyo Bisobanura

Amatsinda y'inararibonye mu gutanga amasoko amenya aya magambo asimbuza. Iyo uyabonye, ​​buri gihe banza ubaze ikibazo gikurikira.

Ibyo bavuga Icyo Bisanzwe Bisobanura Ikibazo cyo gukurikirana
"Ikoranabuhanga ry'Abadage" Kopi yo mu rugo ifite porofayiro ya rotor ikomoka mu kidage "Andika izina ry'uwakoze airend hanyuma utange nimero y'uruhererekane."
"Moteri y'umuringa yuzuye irakwemezwa" CCA windings — nta cyemezo kiboneka "Tanga icyemezo cy'ibikoresho byo kuzunguruka bya WEG cyangwa Wolong."
"Uburyo bwo gukoresha imiyoboro y'amazi bwiza cyane" Icyuma cya karuboni, nta bisobanuro by'ibikoresho bihari "Emeza icyuma cya 304 kidasanza mu nyandiko. Ohereza ifoto."
"Umugenzuzi w'ubwenge, ushobora gushyirwa muri porogaramu neza" Proprietary PLC — Serivisi ya OEM gusa "Ese ni Schneider cyangwa Siemens? Ese umuhanga mu bya tekinisiye wo mu gace atuyemo ashobora kuyibona?"
"Twemejwe na ISO 9001" Icyemezo cy'imikorere gusa — ntikigaragaza ubwiza bw'ibice Uracyasaba inyandiko zose uko ari enye — ISO ntabwo izitanga.
"Imashini ifite icyemezo cya CE" Iyubahirizwa ry'umutekano w'amashanyarazi — ntabwo ari ubuziranenge bw'ibice byayo Uracyasaba inyandiko zose uko ari enye — CE ntabwo izigaragaza.

Urutonde rw'igenzura ry'intambwe 8 ku ruganda

Ku bicuruzwa birengeje $30.000 cyangwa bisubirwamo, gusura aho ibintu bikorerwa mbere yo koherezwa bwa mbere ni ibintu bisanzwe. Koresha uru rutonde rw'ibyo ugomba gukora mu gihe cyo gusuzuma uruganda.

Igenzura ry'uruganda — Urutonde rw'intambwe 8 rw'ibipimo
01
Shaka izina rya airend ku gice cy'umusaruro. Shaka icyapa cy'icyuma kiri ku mubiri w'ikintu gikamyo. Emeza ko izina ry'uruganda n'inomero ya serial bihuye n'ibyatanzwe mu nyandiko. Bifotore.
02
Genzura imiyoboro y'imbere y'amavuta. Saba gufungura imashini hagati mu guteranya. Shaka umuyoboro uhuza icyuma gitandukanya amavuta n'icyuma gikonjesha n'aho gitererwa umwuka. Icyuma kidasaza gifite ishusho y'ifeza n'imvi kandi gifite irangi rito. Icyuma cya karuboni gishobora kuba gifite irangi ry'umukara cyangwa galvanizing - iyo ukoze urufunguzo, icyuma cya karuboni kigaragaza icyuma gifite ibara ry'izuba munsi.
03
Fungura akabati k'amashanyarazi. Shaka ibikoresho by'ingenzi bikoreshwa mu gupima no kugenzura PLC. Ibikoresho bya Schneider Electric bifite ikirango cya SE ku mubiri w'icyatsi kibisi. Ibikoresho bya Siemens bifite ikirango cya Siemens. Ibikoresho by'umukara bidafite ikirango bigaragaza ko ari ikintu gisanzwe cyo mu rugo.
04
Saba kwerekana uburyo bwo kugenzura ibintu mu buryo bw'imbonankubone. Saba umutekinisiye kureba amateka y'ikosa, gusubiza igihe cyo gukoresha serivisi, no guhindura aho umuvuduko ukorera kuri mashini ikora — udahamagaye itsinda rya porogaramu ry'uwakoze porogaramu. Niba badashobora kubikora imbere yawe, umugenzuzi ni nyirabyo.
05
Reba izina rya moteri kugira ngo urebe uburyo IE ishyirwa mu byiciro. Icyiciro cy'imikorere myiza ya moteri (IE3, IE4, IE5) kiri ku ikarita y'izina. Emeza ko ihuye n'ibisobanuro. Niba ikarita y'izina idahari cyangwa idasomwa, iki ni ikibazo cyo kugenzura ubuziranenge.
06
Kora ikizamini cy'imikorere cyuzuye. Saba ko ikoreshwa mu minota 30 ku gitutu cy’umuvuduko. Andika ubushyuhe bwo gusohora buri minota 5. Imashini ifite imiyoboro ya CCA ikora kuri 25°C mu buryo busanzwe igaragaza ubushyuhe bwo gusohora buri hagati ya 8–12°C ugereranije n’imashini y’umuringa ifite imiterere isa.
07
Suzuma icyemezo cy'ibikoresho bizunguruka aho biherereye. Saba icyemezo cy’umwimerere cy’uruganda rwa moteri — ntabwo ari kopi iri muri dosiye z’uruganda. Genzura ko umutwe w’inyandiko uhuye n’inyuguti z’uruganda rwa moteri kandi ko ibikoresho bizunguruka birimo umuringa cyangwa umuringa ukurikije imiterere yabyo.
08
Saba kureba imashini eshatu zoherejwe mu mahanga vuba aha. Genzura ko ibipimo biri ku ruganda bihuye n'ibyo watanze. Gusimbuza ibipimo - ukoresheje GHH-RAND airend no kohereza kopi yo mu gihugu - ni gake ariko byanditswe. Kwemeza ukoresheje ibikoresho nyabyo mbere yo gusinya bikuraho burundu ibi byago.
Icyitonderwa: Uruganda rwanze cyangwa rudashoboye kwakira kimwe muri ibi byiciro umunani mu gihe cyo gusura ibicuruzwa mbere y’uko bitangwa, rugomba gufatwa nk’ikintu gishobora guteza akaga, ntabwo ari ikibazo. Inganda zemewe zohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga zishyigikira igenzura ry’abakiriya nk’uburyo busanzwe bwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa.

Ikarita y'amanota yo gusubiza ku mukozi

Koresha iyi mbonerahamwe kugira ngo umenyeshe uruganda urwo ari rwo rwose rwo mu Bushinwa rukora compressor screws uri gusuzuma. Uruganda rwo mu cyiciro cya mbere rukora ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga rufite amanota 4 kuri 4.

Inyandiko / Ikibazo Igisubizo cyo ku rwego rwa 1 ✅ Igisubizo cya kabiri ⚠️
Uruganda rwa Airend + serial GHH-RAND / Rotorcomp, serivise yatanzwe uwo munsi "Ikoranabuhanga ry'Abadage" — nta zina, nta ruhererekane
Icyemezo cyo kuzunguruka moteri Icyemezo cya WEG / Wolong gifatanye n'ibiciro "Umuringa w'umwimerere wemejwe" — nta nyandiko
Ibiranga ibikoresho byo gupakira imiyoboro 304 SS byemejwe mu nyandiko + ifoto Nta bisobanuro biboneka / "ubwiza bwo hejuru"
Uburyo bwo kwinjira mu igenzura bufunguye Schneider / Siemens — byemejwe ko hari uburenganzira bwo kwinjira mu bandi Ubwishingizi bw'umutungo — "dutanga inkunga yuzuye"
Inyandiko 4 zose — Ziteguye igihe cyose zisabwe
CompressorCorp yohereza
Inyandiko Zirimo Igiciro.
GHH-RAND airend serial · Icyemezo cy'umuringa cya WEG IE4 · 304 SS spec · Fungura Siemens/Schneider controller

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni gute nagenzura uruganda rukora compressor y'umwuka yo mu Bushinwa mbere yo kugura? +

Saba inyandiko enye: (1) izina ry'uruganda rwa Airend n'inomero y'uruhererekane ishobora gukurikizwa; (2) icyemezo cy'ibikoresho byo kuzunguruka bya moteri cy'uruhande rwa gatatu gitangwa na WEG cyangwa Wolong cyemeza imizunguruko y'umuringa w'umwimerere; (3) ibisobanuro byanditse by'ibikoresho byo kuzunguruka by'imbere byemeza icyuma kitagira umugozi 304; (4) izina ry'ikirango cy'umugenzuzi hamwe n'icyemeza ko abatekinisiye b'uruhande rwa gatatu bashobora kubona isuzuma nta porogaramu ya OEM. Uruganda rwanze cyangwa rudashobora gutanga inyandiko zose uko ari enye ntabwo ari urwego rwo kohereza mu mahanga.

"Ikoranabuhanga ry'Abadage airend" risobanura iki ku nganda zikora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga zo mu Bushinwa? +

"Ikoranabuhanga ry'Abadage" ubusanzwe bivuze ko igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiterere ya rotor cyahumetswe cyangwa cyatanzwe n'ubuhanga bw'Abadage - ntabwo ari uko airend yakozwe mu Budage. Airend nyayo y'Abadage igaragaza uwayikoze mu izina (GHH-RAND, Rotorcomp) kandi igatanga nimero y'uruhererekane ishobora gukurikizwa. Iyo umucuruzi avuze "ikoranabuhanga ry'Abadage" atavuze uwayikoze kandi ntatange nimero y'uruhererekane, airend iba kopi y'Abashinwa bo mu gihugu.

Nareba nte niba compressor yo mu Bushinwa ifite moteri zizunguruka zikozwe mu muringa cyangwa aluminiyumu? +

Igenzura ry’amaso ntirizewe — insinga za aluminiyumu zipfutse umuringa zisa n’umuringa w’umwimerere. Uburyo bwonyine bwizewe ni icyemezo cy’ibikoresho byo kuzunguruka bya moteri gitangwa n’uruganda rwa moteri (WEG, Wolong, cyangwa ikindi kigereranyo). Iyi nyandiko igaragaza ibikoresho byo kuzunguruka hakurikijwe imiterere ya shimi. Saba mbere yo kugura.

Ese imiyoboro ya 304 stainless steel ni ingenzi muri compressor y'umwuka ya screw? +

Yego. Imiyoboro y'imbere y'amavuta ihora ihura n'amavuta ashyushye kandi afunze. Ibyuma bya karuboni birangirika mu myaka 2-3, bisohora uduce tw'ingese mu ruziga rw'amavuta. Ibi byanduza igikoresho gitandukanya amavuta, bikihutisha kwangirika kw'impeshyi y'umwuka, kandi bigatera ubushyuhe budashira. Ibyuma bita 304 birarwanya ibi mu gihe kitazwi kandi ntibishobora kongera gushyirwamo nyuma yo kubitanga.

Kuki ikirango cy'umugenzuzi ari ingenzi iyo uguze ku nganda zikora ibicuruzwa zo mu Bushinwa? +

Umugenzuzi wa PLC wihariye bivuze ko umutekinisiye wemewe n'uruganda gusa ari we ushobora gusubizaho imburira za serivisi, kubona amateka y'ikosa, cyangwa guhindura ibipimo by'imikorere. Umugenzuzi wa Schneider Electric cyangwa Siemens ufunguye ushobora gusuzumwa n'umutekinisiye wese wahuguwe ku isi yose akoresheje ibice biboneka mu gace utuyemo - bikuraho kwishingikiriza ku mucuruzi mu gihe cyose cy'akazi k'imashini.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'uruganda rukora compressor rwo mu Bushinwa rwo mu cyiciro cya 1 n'icya 2? +

Inzobere mu byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu cyiciro cya mbere zikoresha imbuga za airends zitwa Abadage cyangwa mpuzamahanga zifite nimero z'uruhererekane zishobora gukurikizwa, moteri z'umuringa za IE4/IE5 zifite ibyangombwa by'ibikoresho, imiyoboro y'imbere y'icyuma kitagira umugese 304, hamwe n'ibikoresho bifunguye bya Schneider cyangwa Siemens bifite serivisi z'abandi. Inganda zo mu gihugu zikoresha imbuga za airends zo mu nzu, moteri zisanzwe za IE3 zidafite ibyangombwa by'umuringa, imiyoboro y'icyuma cya karuboni, hamwe n'ibikoresho bigenga bifite serivisi za OEM gusa.

Ese nshobora kwizera icyemezo cya ISO cyangwa CE mu gihe nsuzuma uruganda rukora compressor mu Bushinwa? +

ISO 9001 yemeza uburyo bwo kugenzura ibikorwa byo gukora; ikirango cya CE kiremeza ko umutekano w’amashanyarazi wubahirizwa. Nta na kimwe muri byo kigaragaza ubuziranenge bw’ibice by’imbere. Imashini ishobora kugira ibyangombwa byombi mu gihe ikoresha moteri za IE3, imiyoboro ya karuboni, n’ingufu zo mu rugo. Ibi byemezo ni ngombwa cyane, ntabwo ari ikintu gitandukanya ubuziranenge. Buri gihe koresha urutonde rw’inyandiko 4 ku giti cyawe.

Ni angahe ngomba kwishyura compressor y'ikirere yo mu Bushinwa ifite ubushobozi bwa kW 75 yoherezwa mu mahanga? +

Ku gikoresho cyo kohereza amavuta cya 75 kW gifite ubushobozi bwo kohereza hanze — GHH-RAND cyangwa Rotorcomp airend, moteri y'umuringa ya WEG IE4 pure, imiyoboro ya 304 stainless steel, Schneider cyangwa Siemens open controller — byishyura 40–60% munsi y'icyuma kingana na Atlas Copco cyangwa Kaeser. Ibiciro biri munsi cyane y'uru rugero akenshi bigaragaza ko hari igice kimwe cyangwa byinshi byoherezwa hanze. Buri gihe saba ipaki y'inyandiko 4 mbere yo kwakira ibiciro.